• Gene expression of both GPR A and GPR

  2021-09-08

  

  Gene expression of both GPR109A and GPR81 in adipocytes has been linked to PPARγ activation [22]. Treatment with the thiazolidinedione (TZD) PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, increases GPR109A and GPR81 expression, and knockdown of PPARγ suppresses receptor expression in fully differentiated human multi

• br Introduction Verticillium dahliae Kleb is a

  2021-09-08

  

  Introduction Verticillium dahliae (Kleb.) is a soil-borne fungal pathogen that is able to infect hundreds of plant species, and causes vascular wilt disease [1], [2]. In nature, the infection of V. dahliae initiates from the germination of resting structures called microsclerotia [3]. The germina

• Active compounds and were further tested and EC and

  2021-09-08

  

  Active compounds , , and were further tested and EC and pEC values were determined as shown in . Compound showed EC of 0.97μM (pEC 6.01) with 84.5% maximal response, which suggests that introduction of alkyl chain on aromatic nucleus of , resulted in improved GPR40 agonistic activity than that of

• br Do the actions of GLP R agonists on the

  2021-09-08

  

  Do the actions of GLP-1R agonists on the vascular endothelium account for GLP-1R agonist-mediated cardioprotection? The previous section highlighted the recent clinical evidence from cardiovascular outcomes studies supporting the notion that GLP-1R agonists confer cardioprotective actions in pati

• Growth hormone secretagogue receptor GHSR

  2021-09-08

  

  Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) is a member of G-protein-coupled receptor family [3]. GHSR is predominantly expressed in human pituitary, rhypothalamus and hippocampus [4]. GHSR is also expressed in peripheral tissues including lungs, liver, kidney, and adrenal gland. In cardiovascular s

• In addition to the four classical FGFRs there is

  2021-09-08

  

  In addition to the four classical FGFRs there is an additional receptor, FGFR like-1 (FGFRL1, also known as FGFR5) (Ornitz and Itoh, 2015, Trueb et al., 2003). FGFRL1 gene was discovered in a cartilage specific cDNA library in 2000 (Trueb, 2011, Trueb et al., 2003) and thereafter it has been found i

• br Funding The authors disclose the following

  2021-09-07

  

  Funding The authors disclose the following support for the research and/or authorship of this article: This work was supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR). TM is the recipient of a BMS/CTN postdoctoral fellowship and PKQ was funded by a CAHR/CIHR doctoral scholarship. A

• Glycine released from astrocytes as well as neurons is

  2021-09-07

  

  Glycine released from astrocytes as well as neurons is also known as a co-agonist of NMDAR (Roux and Supplisson, 2000). Neuronal glycine in mouse hippocampus might be released from glutamatergic terminals (Muller et al., 2013) that express functional CPI-203 receptors (Rodriguez et al., 1997). Glyc

• Multiple studies from our laboratory and others which

  2021-09-07

  

  Multiple studies from our laboratory and others, which have used stoichiometric kinetic analyses of ANP/NPRA, have provided strong evidence that bound ligand-receptor complexes are internalized and processed intracellularly, and that degraded products are released into the culture medium of various

• Renal disease is characterized by aberrant

  2021-09-07

  

  Renal disease is characterized by aberrant fibrotic remodeling of renal tissue, elevated apoptosis in kidney tissue, and eventual organ failure. In addition, patients with renal disease are more likely to suffer from systemic hypertension due to oxidative damage (reviewed in Ref. [18]). Treatment of

• The difference in the expression of functional FFARs between

  2021-09-07

  

  The difference in the expression of functional FFARs between neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages suggests that the role of FFA2R may be restricted to the very early phase of acute inflammation where neutrophils are dominating players called into action, whereas GPR84 may have a broader functional

• Following activation it is necessary

  2021-09-07

  

  Following activation, it is necessary for a subset of activated effector T cells to survive as long-lived memory T cells. Metabolically, this transition is dependent upon the ability of the cell to downregulate aerobic glycolysis and transition back to a more oxidative phenotype. In fact, enhancemen

• To characterize the binding receptor for HIV gp

  2021-09-07

  

  To characterize the binding receptor for HIV-1 gp120 in autophagy, we used the CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 and NMDA receptor inhibitor MK801 along with gp120 to treat the cardiomyocytes. Our data demonstrated that inhibition of the NMDA receptor significantly blocked the increase of gp120 induced autoph

• A number of GCK activators for treating

  2021-09-07

  

  A number of GCK activators for treating T2D have been developed and tested but not progressed successfully from clinical trials into therapy [45]. Our observations suggest that increased risk of hypoglycemia might be possible, particularly if drugs penetrate into brain. A further possibility is that

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported

  2021-09-07

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by a fellowship to C.H. under the ‘100 Foreign Expert’ scheme of the Shanxi province government(R100456). Conflict of interest: Dr. Holscher is a named inventor on a patent submitted by Lancaster University on the use of dual GLP-1/GIP analogues in neurode

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