• Dysfunction of the ubiquitin proteasome system causes abnorm

  2021-08-18

  

  Dysfunction of the ubiquitin-proteasome system causes abnormal organelle morphology and impairs sperm formation and maturation steps resulting in male infertility [[7], [8], [9]]; this indicates that ubiquitination is essential for spermatogenesis and sperm function during fertilization. β-catenin i

• In most cases patients will not present immediately

  2021-08-18

  

  In most cases, patients will not present immediately after SM exposure because SM-induced clinical symptoms typically occur after a latency period of several hours [8], [9], [10]. When they do present, the detection of free, unbound alkylating agent is highly unlikely. For this reason, available rap

• Many studies have found that there is an

  2021-08-18

  

  Many studies have found that there is an aberrant DNA methylation in the imprinting control region of development-related genes in the spermatozoa of oligozoospermic men (Kobayashi et al, 2007, Marques et al, 2004, Marques et al, 2008), which most likely results from expressional changes in the DNMT

• Alzheimer s disease AD is a chronic

  2021-08-18

  

  Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the U 46619 which is considered a leading cause of dementia and affects 20–30 million people worldwide. Presently, a suitable treatment and prevention strategy against AD is hardly available. Various studies have been c

• Introduction Angiotensin II Ang II and Endothelin ET

  2021-08-17

  

  Introduction Angiotensin II (Ang II) and Endothelin 1 (ET-1) are potent vasoconstrictive peptides recognized as key players in many cardiovascular diseases [1]. Cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic arrhythmia, and stroke have been associated to an overstimulation of the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) recepto

• Y 134 Furthermore the determination of downstream target

  2021-08-17

  

  Furthermore, the determination of downstream target genes induced by CdCl2 is noteworthy and can help to define its underlying carcinogenesis mechanism. Therefore, we evaluated c-fos and c-jun expression which are stimulated by estrogen through ERK/MAPK pathway. These are not only proto-oncogenes wh

• br Nuclear estrogen receptors Indirect genomic signaling

  2021-08-17

  

  Nuclear estrogen receptors: Indirect genomic signaling As mentioned earlier, the transcription of several genes that do not contain EREs in their promoter regions can also be regulated by estradiol, without direct binding of the estrogen receptors to the DNA. According to the most recent reports,

• In this report we established mouse models suitable

  2021-08-17

  

  In this report, we established mouse models suitable for human retinal cell transplantation by introducing phosphodiesterase 6B (Pde6b) mutant allele from retinal degeneration (rd) mouse models into NOG background. Pde6b (rd1) and Pde6b (rd10) mice are well-studied and frequently used animal models

• ERR induces the expression of

  2021-08-17

  

  ERRγ induces the expression of P450c17 in MA-10 cells and in mouse primary Leydig cells (Fig. 2). Deletion mutant analysis of putative ERRγ-binding sites in the P450c17 promoter suggested that only the proximal third site located between −269 bp and −136 bp within the P450c17 promoter is functional

• In different body organs a number

  2021-08-17

  

  In different body organs, a number of biological functions are generally mediated by binding of the extracellular substances to the particular transmembrane receptors, which results in subsequent signal stimulation by intracellular signaling cascades. These cascades function over the complex network

• Epac proteins consist of a carboxyl terminal catalytic regio

  2021-08-17

  

  Epac proteins consist of a carboxyl-terminal catalytic region and an amino-terminal regulatory region, which harbors one cAMP-binding domain in Epac1 and two in Epac2 [22], [32], [51]. In the absence of cAMP, the regulatory region covers the CDC25-homology domain and autoinhibits Epac's enzymatic ac

• As with all meta analysis this

  2021-08-17

  

  As with all meta-analysis, this study certainly has some limitations. First, our results were derived from unadjusted analyses due to lack of raw data, and lack of further adjusted analyses for age, gender and co-morbidity conditions may impact the reliability of our findings [63]. Second, obvious h

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements

  2021-08-17

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP: 2014/00926-3). Introduction The metacestodes of Taenia solium are the causative agent of cysticercosis, which mainly resides the skeletal muscles and the central n

• SC 79 Regardless of its effect on EBV infection the chemokin

  2021-08-17

  

  Regardless of its effect on EBV infection, the chemokine system has been found to be regulated in both nasopharyngeal cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma. As such, Hodgkin and Reed–Sternberg (HRS) cells from Hodgkin lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells have been shown to express CXCL8 and CCL17. Furt

• Previously we showed that MS

  2021-08-17

  

  Previously, we showed that MS-10, a combined extract of Cirsium japonicum var. Maackii (Maxim.) Matsum. (Korean milk thistle) and Thymus vulgaris L., increases the efficiency of estrogen in the estrogen-deficient state by activating the estrogen receptor (ER). MS-10 increased bone mineral density (B

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